High kub alloy tseem hu ua tshav kub zog alloy. Raws li cov qauv matrix, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: hlau-based nickel-based thiab chromium-based. Raws li kev tsim khoom, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua deformed superalloy thiab cam khwb cia superalloy.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom nyob rau hauv aerospace teb. Nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm aerospace thiab aviation manufacturing engines. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim combustion chamber, turbine hniav, qhia hniav, compressor thiab turbine disk, turbine rooj thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev pabcuam kub yog 600 ℃ - 1200 ℃. Cov kev ntxhov siab thiab ib puag ncig nws txawv nrog cov khoom siv. Muaj cov kev cai nruj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua tau zoo, kev ntseeg siab thiab lub neej ntawm lub cav. Yog li ntawd, superalloy yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws hauv cov teb chaws tsim.
Cov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm superalloys yog:
1. High kub alloy rau combustion chamber
Lub combustion chamber (tseem hu ua nplaim taws) ntawm aviation turbine cav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom kub kub. Txij li cov roj atomization, roj thiab roj sib tov thiab lwm cov txheej txheem tau ua nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber, qhov siab tshaj plaws kub nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber yuav ncav cuag 1500 ℃ - 2000 ℃, thiab phab ntsa kub nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber yuav ncav cuag 1100 ℃. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj dais thermal stress thiab gas stress. Feem ntau cov cav uas muaj qhov sib zog siab / qhov hnyav piv siv cov combustion chambers, uas muaj luv luv thiab muaj peev xwm kub siab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kub nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber ncav cuag 2000 ℃, thiab phab ntsa kub mus txog 1150 ℃ tom qab roj zaj duab xis los yog chav cua txias. Qhov kub thiab txias gradients ntawm ntau qhov chaw yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal, uas yuav nce thiab poob qis thaum lub xeev ua haujlwm hloov. Cov khoom yuav raug thermal shock thiab thermal qaug zog load, thiab yuav muaj distortion, tawg thiab lwm yam faults. Feem ntau, lub combustion chamber yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau, thiab cov kev cai yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg raws li nram no raws li cov kev pab cuam tej yam kev mob ntawm tej qhov chaw: nws muaj tej yam oxidation tsis kam thiab roj corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev siv high-temperature alloy thiab roj; Nws muaj qee yam instantaneous thiab endurance zog, thermal qaug zog kev ua tau zoo thiab qis expansion coefficient; Nws muaj cov plasticity txaus thiab weld muaj peev xwm los xyuas kom meej kev ua, sib sau thiab kev sib txuas; Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo nyob rau hauv lub voj voog thermal kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv kev pabcuam lub neej.
ib. MA956 alloy ntxeem tau laminate
Nyob rau theem pib, cov laminate ntxeem tau yog ua los ntawm HS-188 alloy daim ntawv los ntawm kev sib txuas sib txuas tom qab tau yees duab, etched, grooved thiab xuas nrig ntaus. Cov txheej txheej sab hauv tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cua txias channel raws li tus qauv tsim. Cov qauv cua txias no tsuas yog xav tau 30% ntawm cov roj cua txias ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ib txwm ua kom txias, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub voj voog thermal ntawm lub cav, txo qhov peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txo qhov hnyav, thiab nce qhov hnyav. piv. Tam sim no, nws tseem yuav tsum tau tawg los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ua ntej nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev siv tswv yim. Cov porous laminate ua los ntawm MA956 yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm combustion chamber khoom qhia los ntawm lub tebchaws United States, uas yuav siv tau ntawm 1300 ℃.
b. Kev siv cov ceramic composites hauv combustion chamber
Tebchaws Asmeskas tau pib tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv ceramics rau roj turbines txij li xyoo 1971. Hauv xyoo 1983, qee pawg koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv qib siab hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov qauv ntsuas kev ua tau zoo rau cov roj turbines siv hauv cov dav hlau siab heev. Cov ntsuas no yog: nce lub turbine inlet kub rau 2200 ℃; Ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub xeev combustion ntawm kev suav tshuaj; Txo qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm 8g / cm3 mus rau 5g / cm3; Ncua tseg qhov txias ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov cai no, cov ntaub ntawv kawm suav nrog graphite, hlau matrix, ceramic matrix composites thiab intermetallic compounds ntxiv rau ib-theem ceramics. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
Qhov nthuav coefficient ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog me dua li ntawm cov nickel-based alloy, thiab cov txheej yog yooj yim tev tawm. Ua ceramic composites nrog nruab nrab hlau muaj peev xwm kov yeej qhov tsis xws luag ntawm flaking, uas yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm combustion chamber cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv nrog 10% - 20% cua txias, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov hlau rov qab rwb thaiv tsev tsuas yog kwv yees li 800 ℃, thiab cov cua kub ntawm qhov kub yog qis dua li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua txias thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab txias. Cam khwb cia superalloy B1900 + ceramic txheej tiv thaiv pobzeb yog siv hauv V2500 lub cav, thiab txoj kev txhim kho yog los hloov B1900 (nrog ceramic txheej) pobzeb nrog SiC-based composite lossis anti-oxidation C / C composite. Ceramic matrix composite yog cov khoom siv kev loj hlob ntawm lub cav combustion chamber nrog lub zog hnyav piv ntawm 15-20, thiab nws qhov kev pabcuam kub yog 1538 ℃ - 1650 ℃. Nws yog siv rau cov nplaim taws, phab ntsa ntab thiab tom qab hluav taws kub.
2. High kub alloy rau turbine
Aero-engine turbine hniav yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom uas dais qhov kub thiab txias tshaj plaws thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm phem tshaj plaws hauv aero-engine. Nws yuav tsum dais loj heev thiab complex kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv high kub, yog li nws cov khoom yuav tsum nruj heev. Cov superalloys rau aero-engine turbine hniav yog muab faib ua:
a.High kub alloy rau kev qhia
Lub deflector yog ib feem ntawm lub cav turbine uas feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm tshav kub. Thaum tsis sib xws combustion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub combustion chamber, lub cua sov load ntawm thawj theem qhia vane yog loj, uas yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov lus qhia vane. Nws qhov kev pabcuam kub yog li 100 ℃ siab dua li ntawm cov hniav turbine. Qhov txawv yog tias qhov chaw zoo li qub tsis raug rau cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Feem ntau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau thermal stress, distortion, thermal fatigue tawg thiab hauv zos hlawv tshwm sim los ntawm kub hloov ceev. Daim ntawv qhia vane alloy yuav tsum muaj cov khoom nram qab no: txaus siab kub lub zog, ruaj khov creep kev ua tau zoo thiab thermal qaug zog kev ua tau zoo, siab oxidation kuj thiab thermal corrosion kev ua tau zoo, thermal stress thiab vibration resistance, dabtsi yog khoov deformation peev xwm, zoo casting txheej txheem molding kev ua tau zoo thiab weldability, thiab txheej tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm.
Tam sim no, feem ntau cov cav tov siab heev nrog kev sib tw siab / hnyav piv siv hollow cam khwb cia, thiab kev taw qhia thiab ib qho siv lead ua npib tsib xee-raws li superalloys raug xaiv. Lub cav nrog lub siab thrust-qhov hnyav piv muaj qhov kub ntawm 1650 ℃ - 1930 ℃ thiab yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev txheej. Qhov kev pab cuam kub ntawm cov hniav hlau nyob rau hauv txias thiab txheej tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob yog ntau tshaj 1100 ℃, uas tso rau pem hauv ntej tshiab thiab siab dua yuav tsum tau rau qhov kub ceev tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hniav hniav yav tom ntej.
b. Superalloys rau turbine hniav
Turbine hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov ntawm aero-engines. Lawv qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog 50 ℃ - 100 ℃ qis dua cov ntawv qhia cov hniav. Lawv dais zoo centrifugal kev nyuaj siab, kev vibration kev nyuaj siab, thermal stress, airflow scouring thiab lwm yam teebmeem thaum tig, thiab cov kev ua hauj lwm tsis zoo. Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm kub kawg Cheebtsam ntawm lub cav nrog siab thrust / hnyav piv yog ntau tshaj 2000h. Yog li ntawd, lub turbine hniav hlau yuav tsum muaj siab creep kuj thiab rupture lub zog ntawm kev pab cuam kub, zoo siab thiab nruab nrab kub zoo, xws li siab thiab qis voj voog qaug zog, txias thiab kub qaug zog, txaus plasticity thiab tej yam toughness, thiab rhiab heev; High oxidation kuj thiab corrosion kuj; Zoo thermal conductivity thiab qis coefficient ntawm linear expansion; Kev ua haujlwm zoo casting txheej txheem; Lub sijhawm ntev kev ruaj ntseg, tsis muaj TCP theem nag lossis daus ntawm kev pabcuam kub. Cov ntawv thov alloy mus txog plaub theem; Deformed alloy daim ntaub ntawv xws li GH4033, GH4143, GH4118, thiab lwm yam; Daim ntawv thov ntawm casting alloy muaj xws li K403, K417, K418, K405, directionally solidified kub DZ4, DZ22, ib leeg siv lead ua alloy DD3, DD8, PW1484, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, nws tau tsim mus rau lub thib peb tiam ntawm ib tug siv lead ua alloys. Tuam Tshoj ib leeg siv lead ua alloy DD3 thiab DD8 feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj lub turbines, turbofan xyaw, helicopters thiab shipborne engines.
3. Kub kub alloy rau turbine disk
Lub turbine disk yog qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib hloov cov kabmob ntawm lub cav turbine. Kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm lub log flange ntawm lub cav nrog lub zog hnyav piv ntawm 8 thiab 10 nce mus txog 650 ℃ thiab 750 ℃, thiab qhov kub ntawm lub log qhov chaw yog li 300 ℃, nrog qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv. Thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm tig, nws tsav cov hniav kom tig ntawm kev kub ceev thiab bears lub siab tshaj plaws centrifugal quab yuam, thermal stress thiab vibration stress. Txhua qhov pib thiab nres yog lub voj voog, lub log chaw. Lub caj pas, zawj hauv qab thiab lub npoo tag nrho dais sib txawv kev ntxhov siab. Lub alloy yuav tsum muaj lub siab tshaj plaws yield zog, cuam tshuam toughness thiab tsis muaj notch rhiab heev ntawm qhov kev pab cuam kub; Tsawg linear expansion coefficient; Qee qhov oxidation thiab corrosion kuj; Kev ua tau zoo txiav.
4. Aerospace superalloy
Lub superalloy nyob rau hauv cov kua foob pob ua ntxaij cav yog siv los ua cov roj injector vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub combustion chamber nyob rau hauv lub thrust chamber; Turbine twj tso kua mis luj tshib, flange, graphite rudder fastener, thiab lwm yam. High kub alloy nyob rau hauv cov kua foob pob ua ntxaij cav yog siv li roj chamber injector vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv thrust chamber; Turbine twj tso kua mis luj tshib, flange, graphite rudder fastener, thiab lwm yam. GH4169 yog siv raws li cov khoom ntawm turbine rotor, ncej, ncej tes tsho, fastener thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb bearing qhov chaw.
Cov khoom siv turbine rotor ntawm American kua foob pob hluav taws cav feem ntau suav nrog cov kav dej, turbine hniav thiab disk. GH1131 alloy feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thiab turbine hniav nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Inconel x, Alloy713c, Astroloy thiab Mar-M246 yuav tsum tau siv ua ntu zus; Cov khoom siv log disc muaj xws li Inconel 718, Waspaloy, thiab lwm yam. GH4169 thiab GH4141 turbines feem ntau yog siv, thiab GH2038A yog siv rau lub cav ncej.